Ghana Peace
The recent increase in offensive actions within public spaces in Ghana, particularly in schools and hospitals, has highlighted critical vulnerabilities in existing security measures. Tragic events, such as the fatal shooting at Nareligu Senior High School in the North East Region of Ghana, and alleged assault incidents at Ridge Hospital in Greater Accra Region, serve as stark reminders of the need for re-evaluation of Public Place Security (PPS).
This professional view argues that a robust, multi-layered security framework is essential to mitigate these threats, one that integrates the core principles of deterrence, delay, denial, detection, and devalue through advanced technological solutions and enhanced human capabilities.
The foundational principles of any effective security architecture are deterrence, delay, denial, detection, and devalue. These principles must be applied not as isolated measures, but as a layered framework designed to prevent, slow, and neutralize threats.
Deterrence involves creating an environment that discourages hostile actions, while delay and denial focus on making it difficult for an assailant to achieve their objective. Detection ensures that any breach is identified swiftly, and devalue aims to minimize the potential impact of an attack. Implementing these principles requires a combination of physical security, technology, and trained personnel, each component supporting the others to create a comprehensive defence.
A crucial element of this layered approach is the deployment of effective Access Control Systems (ACS). These systems are designed to manage and restrict who can enter certain areas within a facility, thereby preventing unauthorized entry. By controlling access, an ACS serves as a primary line of defense, embodying the principles of denial and delay.
Modern ACS can range from simple key cards and biometric scanners to more advanced systems that integrate with other security components, effectively managing the flow of people and providing a significant barrier against malicious intent. Their strategic implementation at key entry points in schools and hospitals can substantially reduce the risk of a security breach.
In addition to physical access control, the role of surveillance is paramount. While many public facilities utilize Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras, the efficacy of these systems is often compromised by insufficient coverage and outdated technology. A truly adequate surveillance system requires cameras to be strategically placed to achieve complementary views, eliminating blind spots.
Furthermore, embracing modern advancements, such as cameras with voice recognition and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered behavioral detection capabilities, is critical. AI-driven cameras can analyze patterns of movement and behaviour to identify potential criminal intent before an action is taken, providing an invaluable tool for early detection and response, thereby enhancing the overall security posture.
Finally, the human element of security must not be overlooked. While technology provides powerful tools, security personnel remain the first responders and a vital component of PPS. However, their effectiveness is contingent upon specialized, environment-focused training.
Deploying a security guard from a bank to a school or hospital without specific orientation to the unique challenges and vulnerabilities of that environment undermines PPS integrity. Personnel must be trained to have high situational awareness, enabling them to identify potential risks and suspicious activities. This targeted training equips them with the protective intelligence necessary to complement technological systems, and ensure a proactive rather than reactive security approach.
In conclusion, the prevalence of violent incidents in schools and hospitals necessitates a shift from fragmented security efforts to a unified, multi-layered framework. This comprehensive architecture must integrate advanced technological solutions, such as intelligent surveillance and sophisticated access control, with the specialized training of security personnel.
By fully embracing the principles of deterrence, delay, denial, detection, and devalue, and tailoring security measures to the specific needs of each public space, we can work towards curtailing these incessant threats, and create safer environments for all citizens.
Lt Col Martin Dziedzorm Dey – Security Architect & Columnist
